The Harmattan season, often referred to as a “dusty winter,” spans from late November to February in Nigeria. Characterized by chilly mornings and evenings, dry air, and dusty conditions, it brings unique health challenges, particularly for asthma patients. While some enjoy the cool breeze, this season worsens respiratory conditions, including bronchitis, leading to heightened risks for asthma sufferers.
Dry air and dust particles, hallmarks of Harmattan, irritate the respiratory system, creating triggers that can result in severe asthma attacks. “Every Harmattan, I ensure I have warm clothes, socks, and a cap while keeping my house as dust-free as possible,” says Hussaina Abdullahi, a 54-year-old asthma patient. “The dust alone can send me to the hospital.”
Coping Strategies and Expert Advicer
Dr. Gaddafi Ningi, a medical practitioner in Bauchi State, provides essential tips for managing asthma during Harmattan.
He said recommends that adherence to medication by asthma patients consistently through use of preventive inhalers as prescribed is important. “Preventive medication strengthens the airways, reducing their sensitivity to triggers,” Dr. Ningi advises.

He added that patients should be wearing face masks outdoors to help filter dust, while scarves and sweaters are vital for warmth during cold mornings and evenings.
According to him, hydration with drinking plenty of water combats the dehydration caused by the dry air.
Dr Ningi noted that environmental control via regular cleaning of carpets, curtains, and other dust-collecting surfaces is crucial. Closing windows on dusty days can also minimize indoor exposure.
Asthma patients like Sagir Mu’azu, a student in Jigawa State, share their experiences. “I never leave home without my inhaler and a face mask,” he says. “Limiting outdoor activities during peak dusty hours has been a lifesaver.”
Mothers of asthmatic children echo similar sentiments. Maryam Abubakar explains, “I monitor my son’s medication closely during Harmattan to prevent severe attacks.” Salamatu Musamman adds, “Every season, I pray my daughter avoids attacks because her condition becomes critical.”
Community and Health Initiatives

Health organizations and hospitals intensify efforts during Harmattan, focusing on awareness campaigns to educate people about managing asthma. These campaigns highlight recognizing symptoms, seeking timely medical attention, and proper medication use.
As Harmattan unfolds, community support can make a difference. Measures like wearing face masks and avoiding open-air burning can create a safer environment for all. Experts said that with collective efforts, asthma patients can breathe easier while enjoying the season’s unique charm.