Gobarar Kuɗi Da Farashin Kayan Masarufi (I)

A tsarin kasuwanci, mutum na saye daga wani waje ya tafi ya sayar a wani waje domin sabun riba. Wannan ake kira ‘trade’. A ciki kuma wani na iya sanin sirrin ciniki yadda zai samu da araha ya sayar da gagarumar riba sakamakon wasu bayanai da yake da shi. Wannan ake kira ‘speculation’.

Speculation, ya hada har da yada jita-jita da bankado bayanan sirri da kuma amfani da boyayyun hanyoyi wajen sayen kaya da araha a sayar da tsada. Wannan ake kira Arbitration. A lokacin da farashin kayayyaki yake hayayyaka, babu abin da ke da tasiri ga haka irin speculation, domin kuwa yawanci daga jita-jita da hasashe da kuma boye kaya tsada ke faraway. Don haka idan an samu haka ana haramta shi sannan a dauki mataki ga masu yada labaran ko da kuwa abin da suke fada din gaskiya ne. Ba domin komai ba kuwa, sai domin samun akalar da za a magance hauhawar farashin. Wannan kuwa daidai yake da hana yada jita-jita musamman a lokacin yaki, wanda ke da mummunan tasiri ga cigaban kasa.

Masu aiki da speculation, wadanda ake kira speculators kwararru ne wajen dabarun sanin hanyoyin ajiya da boye masarufi da hana gudanar da kasuwanci sai irin yadda suke so. Suna farawa daga kasuwar hada-hadar kudi zuwa kasuwar kayan masarufi wanda hakan ke jawo hauhawar farashi ba ji ba gani ta yadda kowa zai ji a jikinsa said ai ‘yan kalilan. Idan hakan ta faru kuwa, nan da nan mutane suke afkawa cikin talauci da matsi da rashin nutsuwa da abubuwa da dama marasa dadi.

Gwamnati ba za ta iya hana aukuwar ‘speculation’ gaba daya ba, amma akwai matakan da ake dauka. Bari mu kawo wasu daga matakan tare da misali da wasu kasashe.

1. Tsarin farashi: A lokutan hauhawar farashi mara kan gado da ake kira hyperinflation, wasu gwamnatocin na kayyade farashin kayayyaki tare da hana fita wasu kayan waje musamman kayan masarufi. Duk wannan matakin na iya hana shigowar kudaden musaya, amma yana tasiri wajen tashin farashi tare da tursasa masu sayen kaya su boye su fito da shi. Misalin haka ya faru a Jamus a shekarun 1920 da Venezuela a 2010.
2. Dakile hauhawar kudaden waje: A lokacin hyperinflation, kudin kasa na rasa darajarsa cikin gaggawa. Kudin na zama bola kamar yadda ya faru a Zimbabwe da Venezuala da kuma Hungary. Domin hana tashin farashi kudaden waje, ana saka tsauraran matakai wajen safarar kudaden waje tare da hukunta masu kara farashin kudin kasashen waje. Misalin haka ya faru a Ajentina a 1980s da Zimbabwe a 2000.
3. Doka akan hannun jari. A lokacin tashin farashin kayayyaki, masa’antu da kamfanoni na ficewa daga kasa suna komawa wasu wuraren, hakan na kara jawo rashin aikin yi da wofintar da sana’oi. Gwamnati na iya saka doka hana ficewa da hannun jari zuwa waje tare da hana motsin kudade a wasu wuraren, abin da ake kira ‘Monetary Policy’, wanda ya hada da rage kudin ruwa, Kari ko rage haraji, biyan ma’aikata da kwangiloli da dai sauransu. Kasashen da suka taba daukar irin wannan mataki a lokacin hyperinflation sun hada da Iceland a 2008 da kuma Greece a 2010s.
4. Karya lagon masu boye kaya da ‘yan Bunburutu: Da zarar an samu hauhawar farashi, kasuwar bayan fage kan bude ga ‘yan bumburutu da masu boye kaya da kuma kokarin gina kansu ta kowacce hanya. A irin wannan yanayi ‘yan kasuwa da dama na karyewa saboda kudin ruwa da rashin daidaiton farashi. A gefe daya kuma wasu na kazancewa da dukiya saboda bin haramtattun hanyoyi na saye kaya da boye su da shiga ayyukan noma su dagula komai. Wajibin gwamnati ne ta bi diddigin masu boye kaya tare da kokarin tallafawa manoma da hana sayar kayan amfanin gona tun kafin akai su kasuwa da kuma kwace duk abin da mutum ya boye na kaya ko kudi a saka a baitulmalin gwamnati. Wannan na da fuska biyu; wani zubin yana tasiri wajen dakile hauhawar farashi, wani lokaci kuma sai ma ya kara haukata lamarin musamman idan gwamnatin ba da gaske take ba ko kuma akwai baragurbin jami’ai a cikinta. Irin wannan mataki shi gwamnatin Rasha ta taba dauka a 1990s da kuma Venezuela a 2010s.

Tun da muka fara bayan ikan Speculation, mun tsirga batun Tashin farashin kayayyaki mara kangado watau hyperinflation. Ya kamata mu fahimci wannan abu sosai kuma mu nakalci hanyoyin da ya kamata a bi domin magance shi. Abin tambaya, baya ga wadancan hanyoyi da muka kawo, wadanne hanyoyi ne kuma na magance hyperinflation? Me ake nufi da shi din ma takamaimai?

Mu hadu a rubutu na gaba.

Danladi Z. Haruna ya rubuto daga Kano.